Influence of various parameters of cryogenic treatment on performance of tungsten carbide tool - A review


EOI: 10.11242/viva-tech.01.04.067

Download Full Text here



Citation

Mansi Lakhani, "Influence of various parameters of cryogenic treatment on performance of tungsten carbide tool - A review", VIVA-IJRI Volume 1, Issue 4, Article 67, pp. 1-4, 2021. Published by Computer Engineering Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, Virar, India.

Abstract

Cryogenic treatment is supplementary thermal treatment done after conventional hardening process, wherein hardened material is further cooled till cryogenic temperatures which may range from -80°C to -196°C. In the case of various grades of steel, the cryogenic treatment process has proved to have improved mechanical properties significantly through conversion of retained austenite to martensite and refinement of grain structure of steel. However, the effect of cryogenic treatment on high hardness material like tungsten carbide is still in research and results are uncertain. Ongoing research have suggested that cryogenic treatment may result into improvement of hardness and wear resistance of tungsten carbide tools which in turn may improve tool life and efficiency of the cutting operation. But, the amount of improvement in properties majorly depends of various parameters of cryogenic treatments. This paper deals with reviewing various parameters of cryogenic treatment like cooling cooling rate, soaking temperature, soaking time, tempering temperature, tempering time and its effect on performance of tungsten carbide tool.

Keywords

cryogenic treatment, tungsten carbide, performance evaluation, tool life.

References

  1. “Kulkarni, A. ; Sargade, V. Characterization and Performance of AlTiN, AlTiCrN, TiN/TiAlN PVD Coated Carbide Tools while Turning SS 304. Mater. Manuf. Processes . 2015, 30, 748–755.
  2. Preciado, M., P. M. Bravo, and J. M. Alegre. "Effect of low temperature tempering prior cryogenic treatment on carburized steels." Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 176, issue 1-3, pp. 41-44, 2006.
  3. Oppenkowski, A., S. Weber, and W. Theisen. "Evaluation of factors influencing deep cryogenic treatment that affect the properties of tool steels." Journal of Materials Processing Technology,vol. 210, issue 14, pp.1949-1955,2010.
  4. F. Diekman, “Cold and Cryogenic treatment of steel”, ASM Handbook, Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes, Vol.4A, pp. 382 - 386, 2013.
  5. F. Diekman, “Cold and Cryogenic treatment of steel”, ASM Handbook, Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes, Vol.4A, pp. 382 - 386, 2013.
  6. Padmakumar, M, Experimental Study on Performance Evaluation and Effect of Cobalt Content in Cryogenic Treated Cemented Carbide Tool Material. Ph.D. Dissertation, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India, 2019.
  7. Darwin, J. ; Mohan Lal, D. ; Nagarajan, G. Optimization of Cryogenic Treatment to Maximize the Wear Resistance of 18% Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel by Taguchi Method. J. Mater. Process. Technology . 2008, 195(1–3), 241–247.
  8. Darwin, J. D. ; Mohan Lal, D. ; Nagarajan, G. Optimization of Cryogenic Treatment to Maximize the Wear Resistance of Chrome Silicon Spring Steel by Taguchi Method. Int. J. Mat. Sci . 2007, 2, 17–28.
  9. Gill, S. S. ; Singh, J. ; Singh, H. ; Singh, R. Investigation on Wear Behaviour of Cryogenically Treated Tialn Coated Tungsten Carbide Inserts in Turning. Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manu. 2011, 51, 25–33.
  10. Yong, A. Y. L. ; Seah, K. H. W. ; Rahman, M. Performance Evaluation of Cryogenically Treated Tungsten Carbide Tools in Turning. Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manu. 2006, 46, 2051–2056.
  11. Darwin, J. ; Mohan Lal, D. ; Nagarajan, G. Optimization of Cryogenic Treatment to Maximize the Wear Resistance of 18% Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel by Taguchi Method. J. Mater. Process. Technol . 2008, 195(1–3), 241–247.
  12. Varghese, V. ; Ramesh, M. ; Chakradhar, D. Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Performance of Cemented Carbide (Wc-co) Inserts during Dry End Milling of Maraging Steel. J. Manuf. Process . 2019, 37, 242–250.
  13. Yong, J. ; Ding, C. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on WC–Co Cemented Carbides. Mater. Sci. Eng. A . 2011, 528, 1735–1739.
  14. Singh, R. ; Singh, K. Enhancement of Tool Material Machining Characteristics with Cryogenic Treatment: A Review. Proc. 2010 Int. Conf. Ind. Eng. Oper. Mana . Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 9 – 10, 2010.
  15. Bal, K. S. ; Performance Appraisal of Cryo-Treated Tool by Turning Operation. Master’s Dissertation, NIT Rourkela, India, 2012.
  16. Padmakumar, M. ; Dinakaran, D. Performance Evaluation of Cryogenically Treated and Tempered Tungsten Carbide Insert on Face Milling of Grey Cast Iron. Int. J. Mach. Mach. Mater . 2017, 19, 180.
  17. Deshpande, R. ; Venugopal, K. Machining with Cryogenically Treated Carbide Cutting Tool Inserts. Mater. Today: Proc . 2018, 5, 1872–1878.
  18. Arun, M. ; Arunkumar, N. ; Vijayaraj, R. ; Ramesh, B. Investigation on the Performance of Deep and Shallow Cryogenic Treated Tungsten Carbide Drills in Austenitic Stainless Steel. Measurement . 2018, 125, 687–693.
  19. SreeramaReddy, T. ; Sornakumar, T. ; VenkataramaReddy, M. ; Venkatram, R. Machinability of C45 Steel with Deep Cryogenic Treated Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tool Inserts. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 2009, 27(1), 181–185.
  20. Kalsi, N. ; Sehgal, R. ; Sharma, V. Effect of Tempering after Cryogenic Treatment of Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt Bounded Inserts. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2014, 37(2), 327–335.
  21. Bal, K. S. ; Performance Appraisal of Cryo-Treated Tool by Turning Operation. Master’s Dissertation, NIT Rourkela, India, 2012.
  22. Padmakumar, M. ; Dinakaran, D. ; Guruprasath, J. Characterization of Cryogenically Treated Cemented Carbide. Integr. Ferroelectr . 2017, 185(1), 65–72.